The circumstances of the blast on Thursday afternoon in the village of Caphirizanje in Tete province, near the border with Malawi, remain unclear.
Some reports say the driver of the tanker was trying to sell fuel to villagers, others that he was ambushed.
The blast itself may have been caused by a lightning strike or a fire nearby, reports say.
The government says it will provide coffins for identified victims who will be buried on Friday.
Those burned beyond recognition have been buried in a common grave, government sources told the BBC.
The BBC's Jose Tembe in the capital, Maputo, says officials initially said 73 people had died in the explosion.
The fact that the official figure is now lower may be that it only accounts for actual bodies recovered, he says.
Price hike
Dozens of charred bodies lay around the blast site. Some of the badly burned victims had tried to run into the local river, Radio Mozambique said.
Another report said the vehicle had crashed on Wednesday afternoon and that villagers were siphoning off fuel when it exploded on Thursday.
The government said it "deplores the loss of life... and is currently providing the necessary assistance in order to save lives and to comfort the victims' families".
Three ministers are due to arrive in the area on Friday to oversee the rescue work and carry out an inquiry.
The government also declared three days of national mourning after an emergency cabinet meeting convened by President Filipe Nyusi on Friday morning.
Mozambique's government recently increased the price of fuel in response to the fall of the local currency against the dollar.
One of the world's poorest countries, more than half of Mozambique's 24 million population lives below the poverty line.
It gained independence from Portugal in 1975 but is still suffering from the effects of a 16-year civil war that ended in 1992.